Thermodynamics — Library Silo

Thermodynamics describes how energy flows through systems and how that flow is constrained. The four laws govern (0) thermal equilibrium and temperature, (1) energy conservation including heat, (2) entropy never decreases in an isolated system, and (3) absolute zero is unreachable in a finite number of steps.

Statistical mechanics — from Boltzmann's S = kB ln Ω to the modern theory of phase transitions — explains why these macroscopic laws emerge from microscopic dynamics. Applications include heat engines (Carnot efficiency ηmax = 1 − Tc/Th), refrigeration, atmospheric physics, and the thermodynamics of black holes and the early universe.

Recent research on this topic from arXiv

Preprints and papers indexed on arXiv.org. Links open the public abstract pages.

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