What Is Specific Heat Capacity?

Specific heat capacity, c, is the heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 K: c = Q / (m ΔT). SI unit: J/(kg·K).

Two cases for gases: cV at constant volume and cP at constant pressure. They differ by the work the gas does against its surroundings; for an ideal gas, cP − cV = R.

Notable values: liquid water c ≈ 4186 J/(kg·K), unusually high — one reason oceans buffer climate. Aluminium c ≈ 900 J/(kg·K). Lead c ≈ 130 J/(kg·K). For solids the Dulong–Petit law gives 3R per mole at high temperature; quantum effects (Einstein, Debye) drop c below this at low temperature.

Recent research on this topic from arXiv

Preprints and papers indexed on arXiv.org. Links open the public abstract pages.

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