Interactive simulations for visual learners. Back to all simulations
Interactive Gravity Sandbox

Orbital Gravity Simulator

Change the star mass, orbital radius, and tangential launch speed to see when an orbit becomes circular, elliptical, or an escape trajectory.

Orbit Type
Near-circular
Distance r
180.0 u
Speed v
15.0 u/s
Escape Speed
21.8 u/s

The Physics Behind The Orbit

This simulator uses a central inverse-square gravitational field. A slower tangential launch speed causes the planet to fall inward into a tighter ellipse, a tuned speed produces a near-circular orbit, and a speed above escape launches the body onto an open trajectory.

F = GMm / r^2 v_c = sqrt(GM / r) v_esc = sqrt(2GM / r) a = v^2 / r